C++, as we as a whole know is an augmentation to C dialect and was created by Bjarne stroustrup at chime labs.
what is c++ ?
C++ is a middle level language, as it includes an affirmation of both abnormal state and low level dialect highlights. C++ is a statically written, free shape, multi-paradigm, aggregated universally useful language.
C++ is an Object Oriented Programming dialect however is not simply Object Oriented.
Its elements like Friend and Virtual, damage a portion of the vital OOPS highlights, rendering this dialect unworthy of being called totally Object Oriented. Its a center level language.
C++ is a Case sensitive programming language.
Advantages of C++ over C Language
The significant contrast being OOPS idea, C++ is a question arranged dialect though C dialect is a procedural dialect.
Separated shape this there are numerous different elements of C++ which gives this dialect a high ground on C language.
Following components of C++ makes it a more grounded dialect than C.
There is Stronger Type Checking in C++.
All the OOPS includes in C++ like Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance and so forth makes it more commendable and helpful for software engineers.
C++ bolsters and permits client characterized administrators (i.e Operator Overloading) and capacity over-burdening is additionally upheld in it.
Special case Handling is there in C++.
The Concept of Virtual capacities and furthermore Constructors and Destructors for Objects.
Inline Functions in C++ rather than Macros in C dialect. Inline capacities make finish work body act like Macro, securely.
Factors can be proclaimed anyplace in the program in C++, however should be pronounced before they are utilized.
Difference between c and c++
| C | C++ |
| It is a structure programming language. | It is an object oriented programming language. |
| Top –down in programming design. | Bottom-up approaching in programming design. |
| This language does not support data hiding feature. | Class variable can be added. |
| It does not support inheritance and polymorphism. | It support data hiding features. |
| C structure is Collection of variable. | It support inheritance and polymorphism. |
| Structure members are public. | C++ structure is Collection if variable and function. |
| Structure members are private or public or protected. |
similarities of C++ structure and class
- C++ structure and class are used defined.
- it is a complex data type.
- Collection of variables and functions.
- Members are private or public or protected.
Difference between C++ structure and C++ class
| C++ Structure | C++ Class |
| By default members are public. | by default class members are private. |
| Not inherited. | Classes are inherited. |
| Used to build simple data types or programs. | Used to build complex program. |
what is a class in C++ ?
It is is a user defined data type that serves as a blueprint for creating objects. A class defines a set of attributes (data members) and behaviors (member functions) that are associated with the objects that are created from it.
In other words , Class is a container that provides the concepts of encapsulation and also provides the concept of data hiding .
Class is a blue print (original copy ) to construct object.i.e it is a plan before constructing the object.Class is a logic copy to create object.
| Syntax |
| class [] // class name is optional. { access specifier : private/public/protected; data member; [variable] member function; [function] }; //class variables /object declared here. |
Example of Class
| For Example |
| class Rectangle { private: int width, height; public: void set_values (int, int); int area() {return width * height;}}; void Rectangle::set_values (int w, int h) { width = w; height = h; } |
This class is called “Rectangle” and it has two private data members “width” and “height”. It also has two public member functions “set_values” and “area”. The “set_values” function is used to set the values of the “width” and “height” data members, and the “area” function calculates the area of the rectangle based on its dimensions.
In c++,OOP concept like abstraction, data-hiding, and encapsulation are implemented through class construct.
Application of C++
C++ is a powerful programming language that has many practical applications in various domains. Here are some examples of how C++ is used in different applications:
- Operating Systems: C++ is used extensively in the development of operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and macOS. The low-level system components such as device drivers, kernel, and system utilities are implemented using C++.
- Game Development: C++ is one of the most popular programming languages for game development. Many popular game engines such as Unreal Engine and Unity are built on top of C++. It offers high performance and low-level control over the hardware, making it suitable for developing high-end games.
- Financial Applications: C++ is widely used in the development of financial applications such as trading systems, risk management systems, and algorithmic trading systems. Its ability to handle large amounts of data and perform complex calculations quickly and efficiently makes it an ideal choice for financial applications.
- Web Browsers: Many web browsers, including Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox, are written in C++. The rendering engine of web browsers such as WebKit and Blink are implemented using C++.
- Artificial Intelligence: C++ is used in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. The libraries such as TensorFlow and OpenCV are implemented using C++.
- Robotics: C++ is used in the development of robotics software. The Robot Operating System (ROS), a popular robotics framework, is implemented using C++.